CAPÍTULO
PRELIMINAR
CAPÍTULO
PRELIMINAR
default form
SER
ESTAR
LLAMARSE
(name) (feelings) (names)
(origin (locations))
(qualities)
(math =)
I yo soy estoy me llamo
you
tú
eres
estás
te llamas
you+
usted = Ud.
es
está
se llama
he
él
es
está
se llama
she
ella
es
está
se llama
FORMAL
FRIENDLY
¿Cómo se llama UustedU?
¿Cómo te llamas UtúU?
(UYo)U me llamo Pablo.
¿Quién es usted? ¿Quién eres (tú)?
(Yo) soy Pablo López.
¿Como está Ud, señor López? ¿Cómo estás (tú), Pablo?
(Yo) estoy muy bien, gracias...
¿y
Ud.?
¿y tú?
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AGREEMENT (NOUNS, ARTICLES, and ADJECTIVES)
NOUNS are people, places, or things. In Spanish all nouns are considered
male or female, even if they refer to objects that we wouldn't normally
consider to have a gender.
hombre señora libro casa
man lady book house
(male) (female) (male) (female)
The words masculine and feminine are usually used to describe gender.
NOUNS can be singular (one) or plural (more than one)
hombre señora libro casa
hombres señoras libros casas
MAKING THINGS PLURAL IN SPANISH: see text. 36 explanation A
ARTICLES go before a NOUN in Spanish. In English we use the words
a, an, the, and some for articles:
el hombre la
señora un libro una casa
the man the lady a book a house
MOST ADJECTIVES IN SPANISH follow the thing they are describing.
Some will change gender to match and some won't. (If it ends in -e, -l, or -ista,
it probably won't change.) Numbers go before the things they count, but
only the word for 1 (21, 31, 41, etc.) will change into UN or UNA
el hombre
ambicioso, inteligente, romántico y liberal
the ambitious, intelligent, romantic, liberal man
los hombres ambiciosos, inteligentes,
románticos y liberales
the ambitious, intelligent, romantic, liberal men
las mujeres
ambiciosas, inteligentes, románticas y liberales
the ambitious, intelligent, romantic, liberal women
cuarenta y una mujeres ambiciosas,
inteligentes, románticas y liberales
41 ambitious, intelligent, romantic, liberal women
cuarenta y siete mujeres ambiciosas, inteligentes, románticas y liberales
47 ambitious, intelligent, romantic, liberal women
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GUSTAR = A VERY SPECIAL VERB (Text p. 16)
THE VERB GUSTAR does not change depending on the person doing the liking.
The words yo, tú, Ud., él, and ella aren't used with the verb in the same way as
other verbs we will see. Think about the following sentences:
S V ADJ
PREP S
V O
1. I am interested in art. 2. Art interests me.
I and me are very different words, although they still refer to the person who is
saying the sentence.
Most sentences we will use in Spanish are like the 1st sentence above.
S V PRED
Yo soy Juan.
Ella se llama Lupe
GUSTAR is like the 2nd sentence, only backwards!
O V S
Me gusta el futból.
To me is pleasant soccer.
The person pleased is indicated first, then the thing that does the pleasing.
Te gusta ______ = ______ is pleasing to you (my friend)
Le gusta ______ = ______ is pleasing to you (formal)
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TELLING TIME: ¿Qué hora es?
Model 1: for noon, midnight, times around 1:00
(1:00) EN PUNTO
ES LA UNA Y(+) UNO DE LA
MAÑANA
MENOS(-) DOS LA
TARDE
TRES LA NOCHE
QUINCE or CUARTO
TREINTA or MEDIA
MEDIODÍA (noon)
MEDIANOCHE (night)
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Model 2: for all other times
(x:00) EN PUNTO
SON LAS DOS Y(+) UNO DE LA
MAÑANA
TRES MENOS(-) DOS LA
TARDE
CUATRO TRES LA NOCHE
CINCO QUINCE or
CUARTO
... TREINTA
or MEDIA
DOCE
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Indicating a specific time:
use the model above, replacing ES or SON with A
at 5:35
p.m.
A LAS SEIS MENOS VEINTICINCO DE LA TARDE
at 6:00 - (0:25) p.m.
OR (in the digital era...)
A LAS CINCO Y TREINTA
Y CINCO DE LA TARDE
at 5:00 + (0:35) p.m.
Indicating a non-specific time:
use POR LA
MAÑANA, TARDE o NOCHE.
Generalmente yo estudio por la mañana. (I generally study in the morning.)
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